Endotoxin-like effects in acute phase response to Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection are not due to gastrointestinal leakage.

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dc.contributor.author Wachira, Francis N.
dc.contributor.author Ngure, R. M.
dc.contributor.author Eckersall, P.
dc.contributor.author Burke, J.
dc.contributor.author Karori, S. M.
dc.contributor.author Mwangi, W. W.
dc.contributor.author Maathai, R.
dc.contributor.author Murray, M.
dc.date.accessioned 2017-01-13T09:08:10Z
dc.date.available 2017-01-13T09:08:10Z
dc.date.issued 2009-12
dc.identifier.citation Parasitology International, Volume 58, Issue 4, December 2009, Pages 325–329 en_US
dc.identifier.issn 1383-5769
dc.identifier.uri http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383576909000713
dc.identifier.uri http://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/2925
dc.description doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2009.06.008. en_US
dc.description.abstract Trypanosomosis is mainly an immunological and inflammatory response mediated by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Evidence suggests that pathological changes produced during infection with trypanosomes could be initiated by nonspecific endotoxin-like substances in trypanosomes and/or Gram-negative secondary bacterial infection. Studies in trypanosome-infected rats indicate damage to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) accompanied by increased leakage of the GIT mucosa. The current study was carried out to determine the in vivo response to endotoxin-like substances of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. To this purpose we neutralized the entrance of endotoxin through the GIT using polymyxin-B treatment and monitored the plasma concentration of the acute phase proteins SAP and Hp. The results in this study, where infection was performed in the presence of oral antibiotic that is not absorbed from GIT and which binds to and inactivates endotoxin, show that the elevated plasma levels of endotoxin-like activity and the resulting acute phase response indicated by an increase in levels of Hp and SAP, are due to trypanosome infection. Results obtained in the present study indicate that GIT is not the major source of elevated plasma endotoxin-like activity levels and the observed acute phase response was due to an increase in the levels of acute phase proteins SAP and haptoglobin. Therefore trypanosomes are responsible for the elevated plasma endotoxin-like activity levels and the subsequent systemic acute phase response in the host. en_US
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher Elsevier en_US
dc.subject Trypanosomes en_US
dc.subject Acute phase proteins en_US
dc.subject Endotoxin en_US
dc.title Endotoxin-like effects in acute phase response to Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection are not due to gastrointestinal leakage. en_US
dc.type Article en_US


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