The effects of streamflow variability on salt flux in a semi-arid tropical river basin in eastern Kenya

Abstract

This chapter presents the results of a study on the influence of streamflow variability on salt fluxes in a semi-arid Tiva River Basin located in Eastern Kenya. Measurements of salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, and river discharges were undertaken in sampling stations located within the main branch of the river as well as in the tributaries, namely Kauwi, Kalundu, Nzeeu, and Mwitasyano Rivers in the Upper Region of the Tiva River Basin. The mean and maximum river discharges for the sub-basins of the river ranged from 11 to 33 m3s-1 and from 118 to 210 m3s-1, respectively. The peak river discharge at the main Tiva branch was 270 m3s-1. The study shows that there is a significant relationship between the variability of streamflow and the variability of salt fluxes in the river as exemplified by variation of salinity, conductivity, and TDS in the river.