https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1817 2026-07-21T14:57:41Z 2026-07-21T14:57:41Z Akhonya, Wilson L. Mutunga-Mwenda, Catherine S. Washika, Esther M. https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8400 2026-07-16T08:30:45Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z

Social support received by diabetes mellitus type ii patients attending a county referral hospital in Kenya. Akhonya, Wilson L.; Mutunga-Mwenda, Catherine S.; Washika, Esther M. Purpose: Diabetes Mellitus Type II is a condition where the patients present with increased receptor resistance to adequately or normal amount of insulin production and reduced or inadequate amount of insulin produced. Worldwide the approximated burden of DM Type II is at 366 million people in 2011. The objective of the study is to determine the level of social support received by Diabetes Mellitus Type II patients attending a County Referral Hospital in Kenya. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a County Referral Hospital Outpatient Diabetic Clinic. Researcher administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Data analysis was manual for qualitative data and for quantitative data, descriptive statistics were used to analyze aided by the statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version 22. Results: Majority 67.91% of the total participants reported not to be socially supported by their family and peers in specific aspects of their self-care management of Diabetes Mellitus Type II that contributed to the sub-optimal self-care practices attributed to the participants. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Study found close relationship between adequate Diabetes Mellitus Type II self-care by DM Type II patients and social support. The researcher recommends in-cooperation of the patient’s social circles in Diabetes Mellitus Type II self-care patients’ education so as to promote understanding which will enhance social support hence optimal practice and adherence.

2022-01-01T00:00:00Z Gichure, Josphat N. Njage, Patrick M. Wambui, Joseph M. Dykes, Gary A. Buys, Elna M. Coorey, Ranil https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8336 2026-04-08T12:16:20Z 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z

Systematic-review and meta-analysis on effect of decontamination interventions on prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter spp. during primary processing of broiler chickens Gichure, Josphat N.; Njage, Patrick M.; Wambui, Joseph M.; Dykes, Gary A.; Buys, Elna M.; Coorey, Ranil Scientific advances in pathogen decontamination offer great potential to reduce Campylobacter spp. during primary processing. The aim of this study was to collate data from eligible studies using systematic review, meta-analysis followed by meta-regression. Random effect meta-analysis revealed heterogenous (τ2 = 0.6, I2 = 98 %) pooled reduction in Campylobacter concentration of 0.6 log10 CFU/carcass and a decrease in relative risk of Campylobacter spp. prevalence in broiler carcasses by 57.2 %. Decontamination interventions during Inside-Outside-Carcass-Wash were most effective on concentration (0.8 log10 CFU/carcass) while those during evisceration were most effective on prevalence (78.0 % decrease in relative risk). Physical decontamination was more effective on Campylobacter prevalence (68.7 % decrease in relative risk) compared chemical treatment (30.3 %). Application through immersion was superior on Campylobacter concentration (0.9 log10 CFU/carcass odds reduction) to spraying (0.5 log10 CFU/carcass odds reduction). Publication bias and small study effect were observed in trials on Campylobacter prevalence but not for concentration. The meta-regression revealed four and seven potential modifier variables for concentration and prevalence respectively. This meta-analysis provides an overview of the expected magnitude in Campylobacter spp. concentration and prevalence with application of decontamination interventions on broiler carcasses along the slaughter process and forms a basis of quantitative microbial risk assessment and derivation of intervention measures. Even though modest microbial concentration reduction is reported there was a large decrease in contamination prevalence during processing interventions. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2021.103923

2022-04-01T00:00:00Z Mbogori, Elius Musyoki, Stanslaus K. Biegon, Richard Patel, Kirtika https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8281 2026-03-09T11:46:38Z 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z

Bioinformatic identification of conserved epitopes from SARS-COV-2 genome isolated in Kenya Mbogori, Elius; Musyoki, Stanslaus K.; Biegon, Richard; Patel, Kirtika The development of vaccines and diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2 heavily relies on identifying conserved epitopes across various virus strains. BLASTp is a pivotal bioinformatics tool for comparing protein sequences to unveil regions of similarity, aiding in understanding evolutionary relationships and functional conservation. The current study used bioinformatics methods to highlight the conserved epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. To achieve this objective, the genomes were divided into their constituent genes using NCBI ORFfinder and translated to proteins using EXPASY. BlastP was then used to identify the proteins. Meanwhile, epitopes from the Wuhan genome were downloaded from IEDB and a BlastP analysis was done to identify matching epitopes. From the IEDB databank, 12,285 Wuhan genome epitopes were found and on conducting BlastP analysis, 5154 epitopes were isolated. These epitopes were deemed conserved as they had not changed despite numerous mutations. The identification and analysis of the conserved epitopes in the SARS-CoV-2 genome are crucial for the development of effective vaccines and diagnostic tools. Further laboratory experiments are however recommended to ascertain them to be conserved epitopes. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexres.2025.100215

2025-06-01T00:00:00Z Sang, Jenniffer C. Musyoki, Stanslaus K. Injera, Wilfred E. Karani, Lucy W. Maiyoh, Geoffrey K. https://repository.seku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/8278 2026-03-09T08:41:42Z 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z

Cytokine immune profiles among COVID 19 patients with different disease severities seeking treatment at Moi teaching and referral hospital, Kenya Sang, Jenniffer C.; Musyoki, Stanslaus K.; Injera, Wilfred E.; Karani, Lucy W.; Maiyoh, Geoffrey K. Background COVID-19 manifests with a wide range of severities, from asymptomatic to critical conditions. Immunological profiles in patients positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may serve as early indicators of disease severity, aiding in prioritizing patient care. Methodology Archived patient plasma samples were retrieved from the Molecular Lab Bio-repository, ensuring equal representation of males, females, and various disease severities. Socio-demographic and disease severity data were obtained from patient health records. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin-2 [IL-2], and interleukin-17 [IL-17]) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4 [IL-4], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and interleukin-10 [IL-10]) were measured using the BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer. Data analysis involved comparing cytokine levels across different disease severities, with demographic data expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Findings The mean ages for males and females were 49.6 ± 22.7 and 48.4 ± 23.7, respectively. Mean ages for disease severity categories were 33 ± 19 (asymptomatic), 45.2 ± 21.5 (moderate), 56.8 ± 18.7 (severe), and 61.95 ± 22 (critical). Comorbidities were present in 25 % of patients, with cardiovascular disease (41 %) and pulmonary disease (31 %) being the most common. Predominant symptoms in critical patients included dyspnea (63 %) and myalgia (60 %), while rhinorrhea (46.2 %) and chest pain (45.7 %) were common in severe cases. Gastrointestinal symptoms were observed only in severe and critical groups. Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17) increased linearly with disease severity. Among anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-10 levels also rose significantly with increasing severity. Conclusion Levels of TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-6 correlated with disease severity and may serve as prognostic biomarkers. Advanced age and underlying comorbidities were independently associated with higher disease severity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2025.156917

2025-06-01T00:00:00Z